PHARMACOLOGY

Pharmacotherapeutic Group:Anticold Preparation

Paracetamol:The exact mechanism by which acetaminophen produces its analgesic and antipyretic effects remains undefined. The primary mechanism of action is believed to be inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX), with a predominant effect on COX-2. Inhibition of COX enzymes prevents the metabolism of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, an unstable intermediate byproduct which is converted to pro-inflammatory compounds. 

Pharmacokinetics:Paracetamol is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Plasma protein binding is negligible at usual therapeutic concentrations, although this is dose-dependent. Paracetamol is metabolised in the liver and excreted in the urine mainly. The elimination half-life is approximately 3 hours.

Chlorpheniramine Maleate:Chlorpheniramine Maleate is a H₁ receptor antagonist. It binds to the histamine H₁ receptor, blocks the action of histamine which subsequently leads to the temporary relief of the allergic symptoms caused due to histamine.

Pharmacokinetics:Chlorpheniramine is absorbed relatively slowly from the GI tract and widely distributed. Almost 70% of the drug binds to the plasma protein. It undergoes extensive metabolism and converted to desmethyl and didesmethyl chlorpheniramine. Both the unchanged drug and the metabolites are excreted via urine.

Phenylephrine:Phenylephrine is a sympathomimetic agent. Phenylephrine selectively binds to alpha receptors which cause blood vessels to constrict. 

Pharmacokinetics: Undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism in the intestinal wall and extensive metabolism in the liver.Phenylephrine and its metabolites are mainly excreted in urine

 INDICATIONS

Common cold, Sinusitis and Rhinitis, Bodyache and fever, Nasal congestion, Allergy

 DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION

Adults: 1-2 tablets 3-4 times a day.Children: 5-10 ml three or four times a day or as directed by physician.

 ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS

CNS depression, sedation, drowsiness, dizziness, gastrointestinal upsets, anorexia or increased appetite, epigastric pain, blurring of vision, dysuria, dryness of mouth, hypertension, shortness of breath.

 PRECAUTIONS

Hyperthyroidism, ischaemic heart disease, arrhythmia or tachycardia, hypertension

 CONTRAINDICATIONS

Hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients, severe hypertension

 PRESENTATION

SINEX: Each box contains 25 Strips of 10 Tablets per strip

SINEX SUSPENSION: Each bottle contains 60ml of suspension