PHARMACOLOGY

Pharmacotherapeutic Group: Aminoglycoside Antibiotic

 Pharmacodynamic Properties:

Gentamicin is a broad spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of t-RNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth.

Pharmacokinetic Properties:

Absorption: Systemic absorption from denuded skin and burns (topical) and from wounds

Distribution: Diffuse mainly into the extracellular fluids. Crosses the placenta and breast milk.

Excretion: Via the urine by glomerular filtration virtually unchanged, elimination half life: 2-3 hr

 INDICATIONS

Skin infections, burns and wounds, bone and soft tissue infections

 DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION

Apply to the affected area 3-4 times daily.

 ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS

Nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea, flatulence, elevated liver function values, headache, rashes, exfoliative dermatitis.

 PRECAUTIONS

The use of topical antibiotics occasionally allows overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms, including fungi. If this occurs, or if irritation, sensitization, or superinfection develops, treatment with Gentamicin Sulfate should be discontinued and appropriate therapy instituted.

 DRUG INTERACTIONS

Synergistic with ampicillin, benzylpenicillin and other β-lactam antibiotics. Increased risk of severe respiratory depression when used concurrently with anaesthetics or opioids.

Potentially Fatal: Increased incidence of ototoxicity when combined with ethacrynic acid and furosemide. Cephalosporins, ciclosporin, cisplatin, vancomycin, hydrocortisone and indomethacin potentiate nephrotoxicity. Potentiates neuromuscular blocking agents.

 CONTRAINDICATIONS

Contraindicated in individuals with a history of sensitivity to any of its components.

 PRESENTATION

GENTIME: Each tube contains 10g cream