PHARMACOLOGY

Pharmacotherapeutic Group: Fluoroquinolones Antibiotics

 Pharmacodynamic Properties:Ciprofloxacin promotes breakage of double-stranded DNA in susceptible organisms and inhibits DNA gyrase, which is essential in reproduction of bacterial DNA.

 Pharmacokinetics:

Absorption: Rapidly and well absorbed from the GI tract with peak plasma concentration after 2 hour. The absolute bioavailability is approximately 70% with no substantial loss by first pass metabolism.

Distribution:Bile (high concentrations), CSF (10% of those in plasma in the absence of meningitis); crosses the placenta and enters the breast milk. Protein-binding: 20-40%.

Metabolism: Converted to oxociprofloxacin, sulfociprofloxacin and other active metabolites

Excretion: Approximately 40 to 50% of an orally administered dose is excreted in the urine as unchanged drug. The serum elimination half life in subjects with normal renal function is approximately 4 hours.

 INDICATIONS

Urinary Tract Infections, Cystitis, Respiratory Tract Infections, Gastroenteritis, Skin Infections, Bone and Joint Infections, Enteric Fever

 DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION

Adult: 250-750 mg bid depending on the severity and nature of infection. 

Child: 5-15 mg/kg bid.

 ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS

Gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, tremor, confusion, convulsions, rashes, joint pain, phototoxicity, transient increase in serum creatinine; hematological, hepatic and renal disturbances.

 PRECAUTIONS

Pregnancy, lactation, epilepsy, history of CNS disorders, severe renal or hepatic dysfunction, myasthenia gravis, may impair ability to drive or operate machinery

 DRUG INTERACTIONS

Decreased absorption with concurrent sucralfate, magnesium-aluminum antacids, calcium, iron, zinc and multivitamins. Increased methotrexate and caffeine levels when taken concurrently with ciprofloxacin.  Concurrent use with corticosteroids may increase tendon rupture.

 CONTRAINDICATIONS

Hypersensitivity. Not to be used concurrently with tizanidine. Avoid exposure to strong sunlight or sun lamps during treatment.

Presentation:

CIFROX: Each box contains 10 Blisters of 10 Tablets per strips